oxygen therapy

[yasmin yousif]

 Oxygen therapy
 What is meaning of O2 therapy
 Oxygen therapy is the administration of oxygen at a concentration of pressure greater than that found in the environmental atmosphere
 The air that we breathe contain approximately 21% oxygen
 the heart relies on oxygen to pump blood.
 What is meaning of O2 therapy
 If not enough oxygen is circulating in the blood, it’s difficult for the tissues of the heart to keep pumping.
 Supplemental oxygen is used to treat medical conditions in which the tissues of the body do not have enough oxygen.
 Purpose
 The body is constantly taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
 If this process is inadequate, oxygen levels in the blood decrease, and the patient may need supplemental oxygen.
 Purpose
 Oxygen therapy is a key treatment in respiratory care.
 The purpose is to increase oxygen saturation in tissues where the saturation levels are too low due to illness or injury.
 oxygen therapy is used to treat
 Example in case :-
 Documented hypoxemia
 Severe respiratory distress (acute asthma or pneumonia)
 Severe trauma
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, including chronic bronchitis, emphysema)
 oxygen therapy is used to treat
 Pulmonary hypertension
 Acute myocardial infarction (heart attack)
 Short-term therapy, such as post-anesthesia recovery
 Oxygen may also be used to treat chronic lung disease patients during exercise .
 Methods of Dispensing Oxygen
 Piped in
Cylinder
 Oxygen concentrator
 Sources of oxygen:
 1- Cylinder.
 2- Wall outlets.
 Oxygen is moistened by passing it through a humidification system to prevent the mucous membranes of the respiratory tree from becoming dry.
 Classification of Oxygen Delivery Systems
 Low flow systems
— contribute partially to inspired gas client breathes
— do not provide constant FIO2
— Ex: nasal cannula, simple mask , non-re breather mask , Partial rebreather mask
 High flow systems
— deliver specific and constant percent of oxygen independent of client’s breathing
— Ex: Venturi mask,, trach collar, T-piece
 Nasal cannula (prongs):
 It is a disposable.
 plastic devise with two protruding prongs for insertion into the nostrils, connected to an oxygen source.
 Used for low-medium concentrations of Oxygen (24-44%).
 Face mask
 The simple Oxygen mask
 The partial rebreather mask:
 The non rebreather mask:
 The venturi mask:
 The partial rebreather mask:
 The mask with a reservoir bag which must remain inflated during both inspiration & expiration
 It is used to deliver oxygen concentrations up to 80%.
 The non rebreather mask
 This mask provides the highest concentration of

 oxygen (95-100%) at a flow rate6-15 L/min.
 It is similar to the partial rebreather mask
 except two one-way valves prevent conservation of exhaled air.
 The bag is an oxygen reservoir
 The non rebreather mask
 When the patient exhales air ,the one-way valve closes and all of the expired air is deposited into the atmosphere, not the reservoir bag.
 In this way, the patient is not rebreathing any of the expired gas.
 Venturi mask
 It is high flow concentration of oxygen.
 Oxygen from 40 - 50%
 At liters flow of 4 to 15 L/min.
 The mask is so constructed that there is a constant flow of room air blended with a fixed concentration of oxygen
 Tracheostomy Collar/ Mask

 Is indicated for chronic o2
therapy
 O2 flow rate 8 to 10L/min
 Provides accurate FIO2
 Provides good humidity
 T-piece
 Used on end of ET tube when weaning from ventilator
 Provides accurate FIO2
 Provides good humidity
Other types of positive pressure ventilation like:
Non invasive: ( BIPAP) machine
Invasive : Mechanical ventilation


 Side effect & complication of oxygen therapy
 Oxygen toxicity
 Retrolental fibroplasia
 Absorption atelectasis
 oxygen toxicity
It is a condition in which ventilator failure occurs due to inspiration of high concentration of oxygen for a prolonged period of time.
 Oxygen concentration greater than 50% over 24 to 48 hours can cause pathological changes in the lungs.
 Side effect & complication of oxygen therapy
 Retrolental fibroplasia
Blindness due to vasoconstriction & ischemia ( premature infants )

 Side effect & complication
of oxygen therapy
 Cautions For Oxygen Therapy
 Oxygen toxicity – can occur with FIO2 > 50% longer than 48 hrs
 Suppression of ventilation – will lead to increased CO2 and carbon dioxide narcosis
 Danger of fire
 Infection

Dr. YASMIN YOUSIF