Cytoplasmic Versus Mitochondrial Metabolic Processes

[hassan siraj]

Cytoplasmic Versus Mitochondrial Metabolic Processes
This is a common USMLE question. Here's some help

Exclusively in the Mitochondria: Mnemonic BEAT
Fatty acid oxidation (Beta-oxidation).
Oxidative phosphorylation and Electron transport chain.
Ketone body synthesis, AKA Acetyl Co A synthesis.
Krebs cycle, AKA TCA cycle.
Exclusively in the Cytoplasm:
Glycolysis.
Gluconeogenesis (basically the reverse of glycolysis though you need the malate shuttle to bring oxaloacetate from the mitochondria.
Hexose Mono Phosphate (HMP) shunt.
Cholestrol synthesis (as it needs the above two to supply Acetyl CoA and NADPH respectively).
Protein synthesis (RER).
Steroid synthesis (SER).
Both mitochondria and cytoplasm:
Heme synthesis.
Urea cycle (Where you have ornithine and citrulline jumping between the two sides).
Gluconeogenesis (this is listed here in FA, but see note above).
Fatty acid synthesis (this is not listed here in FA but citrate shuttle needed between the mitochondria and the cytoplasm).